Diving with Loggerhead Sea Turtles in Isla Mujeres: A Seasonal Spectacle
- Tracy Gunn
- Jun 28
- 19 min read
The season is about to begin. Discover more about these incredible animals and how to interact with them respectfully and minimally invasively.
From May to July, in the crystal-clear turquoise waters of Isla Mujeres, the life cycle of the loggerhead turtles begins. Females return to their nesting grounds to find eager males awaiting them in the currents off the south end of this tiny Caribbean island. This seasonal migration creates unique diving experiences, and for non-divers, something magical can be witnessed (respectfully) on land as well.
Isla Mujeres Seasons
Isla Mujeres is blessed with spectacular seasonal activities. From May to September, hundreds of whale sharks come to feed just off the coast. From November to February, eagle rays return in considerable numbers to hang out at our shipwrecks. Throughout the year, we also witness the return of turtles, especially the gigantic loggerheads, for their annual mating and nesting.
Loggerhead Turtles (Caguamas)
At night, between May and October, female loggerheads come ashore on the eastern, windward side of Isla Mujeres to lay their eggs on the same beaches where they hatched. By maintaining a respectful distance, being accompanied by a registered guide from the Isla Mujeres Turtle Sanctuary, Tortugranja (soon to re-open; currently other volunteer organizations continue their work), and avoiding flashlights, you can witness these massive turtles drag their bodies—designed for life in the water—across the sandy beaches to nest.
Volunteers collect these eggs to incubate them safely at Tortugranja, offering hatchlings the best chance of survival, protected from predators and inadvertent disturbance.
Tortugranja organises turtle releases from July to October, where children eagerly line up to release buckets of baby turtles into the ocean. These events attract large crowds of local families and tourists alike.
Of the seven species of sea turtles, four live and make their nests off the Eastern coast of Mexico. These include Hawksbill turtles, Green turtles (Tortuga Blanca), Loggerhead turtles (Caguamas), and occasionally the giant leatherbacks.
May to July: Mating
May to October: Egg-laying
July to October: Turtle release
Diving with the Loggerhead turtles
All of this leads to some of the most amazing dive experiences available to experienced divers.
There are several types of dives where you have the chance to encounter these giant turtles.
The drift dive is best suited for advanced and adventurous divers, offering the thrilling experience of gliding among dozens of these mating giants.
The night dive is a relaxing and peaceful experience, offering the perfect opportunity to see large numbers of resting sea turtles.
Both dives are spectacular and should be on your bucket list.
Both dives are swim-by dives, meaning divers maintain a normal pace and appreciate turtles as they swim past—without stopping, touching, or interfering with them. To truly appreciate the turtles, maintaining a respectful distance and refraining from interaction is essential. This ensures their return for generations to come, preserving their natural behaviours from disturbance. The ocean is their playground; we are privileged spectators.
For non-divers, from the cliffs above South Point (Punta Sur) on Isla Mujeres, on a calm day, you can observe the sheer number of turtles converging in the strong currents. Underwater, it is a mating frenzy. At the peak of the season, you are virtually guaranteed to witness a staggering number of mating pairs, both from the cliffs and beneath the surface.
The Drift Dive
If the current is in your favour, the drift dive begins by passing a huge anchor and chain from an old turtle-hunting boat sunk in a 1922 hurricane. Then, powerful currents carry you swiftly around the island’s tip. This current is perfect for our amorous couples—you’ll find yourself distracted by one pair, only to be carried on to the next, and the next, and the next.
Dolphins are frequently seen during this season and can be heard on nearly every dive. Witnessing dolphins in their natural habitat is an experience far richer than seeing them in captivity—in fact, it is the only way they should be viewed. These dives also commonly feature sightings of several ray species, batfish, and schools of barracuda.
Due to strong currents, divers attempting these dives should have experience beyond initial training, as extra vigilance is needed to stay close to their group and buddy. Distraction can lead to separation, so only those who respect the ocean’s ways should attempt these dives. Good buoyancy control and the ability to follow an experienced guide’s briefing are essential.
If you are unsure of your abilities, then it is recommended that you have a dive on the island before doing this dive to retune your buoyancy, refine your weighting and trim and evaluate your abilities. It will be worth it; it will be one of the most amazing dives you've ever experienced.
The Night Dive
Night dives offer another way to experience diving with turtles, many of which rest under ledges and around the reefs of Manchones National Park. The park is shallow, only 9 m (30 ft), with very little current and fantastic visibility. Dozens, if not hundreds, of turtles can be seen on a night dive, but we must remember these animals are resting (mating and nesting can be hard work), so we should avoid disturbing them or shining lights directly on them.
Even on typical shallow dives for less experienced divers, the chances of seeing turtles are very high; we spot them on nearly every dive during the season. It is truly awe-inspiring to see a loggerhead turtle swimming alongside you.
About loggerhead turtles
Common name: Loggerhead turtle (Caguama in Mexico)
Scientific name: Caretta caretta
Family: Cheloniidae
Order: Turtle
Group name: Flotilla
Type: Reptile
Diet: Omnivorous
Sexual Maturity: 17-33 years
Life span: 47-67 years
Size in carapace: 78-95cm/28-37inches
Weight: 80-200 kg/180-440lb
Average weight: 135kg/298lb
Largest recorded: Length: 213cm/84in
Weight: 545kg/1202lb
Classification: Vulnerable - listed in 1978 as threatened under the Endangered Species Act
Loggerhead turtles are considered keystone species, meaning they play a crucial role in defining an entire ecosystem. Without them, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether.
The way they feed keeps the ocean floor sediment in balance by digging around the bottom. This changes its physical structure and the living biological ecosystem, helping the community organisation where they forage. The movement of bottom sediment also results in an increase of oxygen in the water, and the overall productivity of the ecosystem benefits and improves as a result.
Loggerheads feed on large numbers of invertebrates, recycling important nutrients from these hard-shelled prey items. The shells of these prey pass through their digestive system, and what the turtles excrete falls to the ocean floor as a calcium source, which is then fed upon by other animals.
The turtle shells act as an important habitat for many species of plants and animals. As many as 100 species have been recorded on a single turtle, including barnacles, crabs, and algae. It is unknown whether this is a symbiotic relationship that provides the turtle with any benefits, although it may offer the turtle some camouflage. One beautiful phrase, eloquently described by James R. Spotila, aptly captures this idea. "Mobile islands transporting hitchhikers across the globe; they are like floating reefs."
Why are they here?
They are the most widely distributed of all sea turtles, inhabiting the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. Dr Brian Bowen, a conservation geneticist, noted that there are, however, distinctive differences among the loggerheads around the world, and the use of modern molecular genetics has allowed historical relationships to be defined among populations and within a region. Dr. Bowen, his students, and colleagues used mitochondrial DNA to determine the unique distribution of loggerhead turtles. In other words, they can tell you what happened and how it occurred over millions of years of the Earth's evolution. Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behaviour, and Conservation, written by James R. Spotila (1), explains this in fascinating detail. He donated all proceeds from this book to The Leatherback Trust.
The greatest concentrations of Loggerheads live on the coasts of Mexico, Cuba, and the Northern Bahamas, up the coasts of the United States, and up to the Eastern coast of Canada. The greatest concentrations in the world are found in Florida, with approximately 67,000 nests reported annually. Mexico has approximately 1,200 nests per year. (1)
Mature females return to lay their eggs on the beaches where they themselves hatched. They do this by navigating Earth's invisible magnetic field. Each coastline has a magnetic signature that turtles can remember and use as a guide.
Just off the southern point of Isla Mujeres, female turtles return to mate in the strong currents, where eager males await them. This unique combination of seasonal migration and nearby currents creates an unparalleled diving experience for seasoned divers. At the peak of the season, it’s not unusual to find yourself surrounded by 40–60 mating turtles during a single dive.
What do they eat?
Loggerheads are omnivorous. While primarily carnivorous, their diet is more varied than that of any other sea turtle.
They primarily feed on bottom-dwelling invertebrates, such as gastropods, bivalves, and decapods, but their diet extends far beyond that. They also consume sponges, corals, sea pens, polychaete worms, sea anemones, cephalopods, barnacles, brachiopods, isopods, Portuguese men o' war (brave turtles indeed), insects, bryozoans, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, starfish, fish (eggs, juveniles, and adults), hatchling turtles (including members of its own species), algae, and vascular plants. During migration through the open sea, loggerheads eat jellyfish, floating molluscs, floating egg clusters, squid, and flying fish. (3)
Due to their jellyfish diet and benthic feeding habits, loggerheads are prone to mistakenly ingest plastic bags and other plastic debris.
Plastic pollution knows no borders — debris found on the beaches of Puerto Morelos often originates from far away. Since the 1940s, mass plastic production has had a devastating impact on sea turtles worldwide. Studies show that up to 52% of sea turtles have ingested plastic, putting all populations at risk.
A study from the University of Tokyo (6) found that 17% of loggerheads ingest plastic when they encounter it, while 62% of green turtles do so.
Plastic ingestion is devastating, resulting in a fatal outcome for 22% of turtles that consume it. Sharp plastic pieces can rupture internal organs, and plastic bags may block intestines, causing starvation. Even survivors may become unnaturally buoyant, which stunts growth and leads to slow reproduction rates (7).
Most plastic consumed by turtles is transparent or translucent, similar to jellyfish, followed by white plastics. Black plastics ingested are mainly plastic bags, while green and blue plastics are often ropes and strings. Red, orange, yellow, and brown plastics are less common (9). Why does this matter? Because awareness of plastic types can influence consumer choices and habits. It’s essential to avoid single-use plastics and dispose of others responsibly—or better yet, avoid them entirely.
How do they eat?
Loggerheads have large heads and powerful jaws (hence their name), well-adapted to crushing hard-shelled prey.
You can see the long, curved claw on their forelimbs, which they also use to hold onto females during mating—a process that can last for hours.
On the front edge of their forelimbs, loggerheads have projecting scale points used as "pseudo claws" to tear large chunks of food. Their esophagus has inward-pointing, mucus-covered papillae that filter out fish hooks and foreign bodies near the front, while further down, it lacks papillae but contains many mucosal folds.
Loggerhead digestion is temperature-dependent. As temperature rises, their metabolic rate increases, which in turn speeds digestion.
Mating
Male loggerheads arrive before the nesting season and wait offshore in mating grounds near the beaches where females will soon return. Fortunately for us, these waters lie just off the southern tip of Isla Mujeres, making it one of the best places in the world to witness this spectacle underwater.
When the courtship and mating begin, the male will circle the female, then approach and bite her neck or shoulder. If she accepts him when he tries to mount her, they will mate. If she does not accept him, she will cover her cloaca and swim to the bottom. A persistent male will wait until she needs to surface for air and try again. (4)
The forelimb claws, used for feeding, also help males grip females during mating, which can last for hours. Rival males often attempt to dislodge mates by ramming and biting. It’s not uncommon to see one or two other males piling onto a mating pair, with another quickly replacing a dislodged male.
Females lay several clutches during nesting season and may remate each time. They sometimes mate with multiple males, allowing more than one male’s sperm to fertilise a clutch. During this period, males stay offshore near nesting beaches, while females alternate between mating, nesting, and feeding.
For each nesting, she drags herself onto the beach, vulnerable to predators. Nesting takes one to two hours, and she will bite if disturbed.
Nesting
Average of 3.9 clutches per season
Intervals of 12-17 days during nesting season
An average of 112 eggs
Eggs weigh 32.7 g (1.2 oz)
Returns to nest every 2-4 years
It takes about 1-2 hours to complete the nesting process
Generally, at night in the open
Loggerheads have a wider pivotal temperature range than other sea turtles. This is the temperature at which a 50:50 male-to-female ratio is produced, generally between 28°C (82.4°F) and 30°C (86°F)
Temperatures of 24°C to 26°C (75°F to 78°F) tend to produce males, while temperatures of 32°C to 34°C (90°F to 93°F) tend to produce females. Outside these ranges, eggs are generally non-viable.
It takes 45-80 days for an egg to hatch (depending on temperature)
Hatchlings at the centre of a clutch are often the largest, more active in the swimming frenzy of the first few days at sea, and grow faster
At hatching, they weigh approximately 20g (0.7 oz) and are 5 cm (2 in) in length.
Hatchlings use visual cues to find the sea, responding to a 180 ° horizontal and 30 ° vertical arc. They orient toward the brightest light and lowest elevation and can recognise some shapes.
Hatchlings will grow for 2-3 decades before returning to the nest
Female loggerheads will bite if disturbed while laying (with those jaws, something you do not wish to happen, so do not disturb!!)
Migration
Loggerheads are found in every ocean except the coldest, migrating vast distances throughout their lives.
When hatchlings leave the nest, they are approximately 5 cm (2 in) in length, and when they return, they are 50 cm (20 in) in length (Atlantic loggerheads; other regions have different sizes). For a long time, scientists did not know what happened to the turtles at this time. However, thanks to biologists Alan Bolten and his wife, Karen Bjorndal, and the application of molecular genetics, radio and satellite remote sensing (biotelemetry), and computer technology, significant discoveries were made. (2)
They found that after hatching, for the first few days, they feed on small animals and inanimate objects such as debris and oil droplets, but then find their way to floating sargassum algae. These mats are home to a diverse range of life forms, including both plants and animals. It is here that the turtles live at or near the surface, riding the currents as they leave the continental shelves and enter the open ocean.
They then spend 6-12 years at sea, with the majority of their time, approximately 75%, spent at depths of 5 m (16 ft) or less. As they get older, they may dive to 200 m (650 ft).
The Atlantic loggerheads return to the continental shelf (Neritic zone) when their shells are around 50 cm/20 in (this size varies depending on the world region), where depths are less than 200 m/650 ft. Here, they become bottom feeders (benthic) and capture food in the water column.
To navigate, turtles use internal magnetic compasses, temperature variations in currents and convergence zones, and the orientation of the sun. This is common in all reptiles.
Some loggerhead individuals have been known to migrate 4,828 km (3,000 miles). Temperature plays a significant role in migration, affecting every aspect of their life, and water temperature is a critical environmental cue indicating when to move into and away from shallow water. When the water temperature drops below 10 °C (50°F), it stuns the turtle, causing them to become lethargic and float on the surface. If it falls below 5 °C (41°F), they could die. Those that are in temperate waters avoid this by migrating toward the equator.
Interesting facts
The loggerhead turtle is on the $1000 Colombian peso coin, is the official state reptile of South Carolina, and is also the state saltwater reptile of Florida
The sex determination of loggerheads is temperature-dependent. High sand temperatures produce higher ratios of females. As a result, nesting sites that experience unseasonably warm temperatures over a three-year period will produce an out-of-proportion number of females (87-99%). This connection between rapid global temperature changes and skewed gender ratios raises concerns about the possibility of population extinction.
During mating, the female ovulates eggs that the males fertilise. This mating-induced ovulation is rare in non-mammals
Up to 40% of nesting females around the world have wounds believed to come from shark attacks.
Loggerheads are the best-known and most-studied sea turtles
They nest over the greatest geographical range of any of the sea turtles
They have salt glands (lachrymal glands) near the eyes that allow them to drink saltwater and excrete high salt concentrations. This gland enables the turtle to maintain osmotic balance, and it has often been misinterpreted as seeing a loggerhead female "cry" for her young when, in fact, she is just excreting salt
Loggerheads can hold their breath for extended periods of time. While most of their dives last about 4-5 minutes, they can dive for up to 20 minutes and rest without breathing for hours.
To navigate, turtles use internal magnetic compasses, temperature variations in currents and convergence zones, and the orientation of the sun.
While most turtles can withdraw into their shells to escape predators, sea turtles cannot.
Threats
Bycatch
The greatest threat to all sea turtles is the worldwide, unintended entanglement and capture in fishing gear. This leads to the animal drowning, fatal injuries, or debilitation by swallowing lines and hooks. Trawls, longlines, gillnets, and hook and line are the greatest culprits, but pound nets, pots and traps, and dredge fisheries are also to blame.
Loss and Degradation of Nesting Habitat
Climate change is causing the sea to rise, and crucial nesting sites are being lost. Coastal development is also to blame, as it takes much of what is left of nesting beaches for development. Hardening or armouring of the shoreline (as in seawalls) is removing all dry sand used for nesting, and artificial light from development on or near the beaches may deter nesting females and disorient new hatchlings.
One surprising developmental influence occurred in Boca Raton, Florida, where the shadows cast by tall buildings on the beach cooled the sand, resulting in a higher proportion of males.
Dimitris Margaritoulis is a pioneer in turtle conservation. Battling early developers who would destroy pristine nesting beaches, he paved the way for the implementation of national parks, nature conservation, and environmental education. Achelon, his Sea Turtle Protection Society, became a role model for other countries. He and his family possibly saved the loggerheads in Greece, as well as in the Mediterranean. (1) and all because he took a family vacation, happened upon this miracle of nature, and was amazed and inspired to study, understand, educate others, and preserve them.
Boat Strikes
Near developed coastlines, there is an increasing number of injuries or deaths as a result of watercraft striking loggerheads that are at or near the surface. Areas such as marinas and inlets pose a greater risk, particularly near nesting grounds, where animals that remain offshore to mate during the nesting season, especially nesting females, are highly susceptible to vessel strikes.
Harvesting of Turtle Products
Loggerheads are less likely to be hunted for meat and shells than other turtles due to the meat tasting fishier than that of the Green turtle, and the shell, being covered in living things, is not as aesthetically pleasing as the Hawksbill's.
However, not long ago, all turtles were hunted for their products. It is not uncommon to see turtle eggs sold in bars in Costa Rica, and unfortunately, they are still a delicacy in Mexico.
The Mexican government has placed turtles on the protected species list, implementing laws that mean killing turtles and stealing their eggs is punishable by jail time, but this is not the only threat to turtles.
Predation
Most turtles can withdraw into their shells to escape predators, while sea turtles cannot. Despite the loggerhead having a hard shell, being massive, and having its head and neck covered in rough, scaly skin, it is highly susceptible to injury. When females come upon the beaches to lay their eggs, they are vulnerable for 1-2 hours during this process.
Hatchlings and eggs have few defences and many predators, some of which destroy 80-95% of all nests. In many places, the human predation of nests is also substantial. Although hatchlings tend to emerge at night to lessen the chances of predatorial encounters, many are still taken by crabs, birds, carnivorous fish, and other predators.
Diseases
If there wasn't enough trouble for the loggerheads, there is a disease called fibropapillomatosis, or FP, which continues to spread globally. It is a type of herpes (different from the human type) that causes cauliflower-type tumours around the eyes, mouth, flippers, and internally. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to warmer seas and water pollution.
It afflicts all seven types of sea turtles and causes great suffering to those infected. It is most commonly found in turtles living in polluted, contaminated water caused by urban development. As hatchlings and adults live in the open ocean, it is primarily juveniles that show symptoms as they live close to shore (12)
Pollution/Debris
As previously discussed, the impact of plastics on turtle and marine populations has been devastating, to put it mildly. They mistake many human byproducts for food, such as fishing hooks, lines, plastic bags, tar, oil, and other types of plastic debris. They become entangled in marine debris, such as discarded fishing lines, which may result in injuries and death.
Global warming
Nesting sites that have unseasonably warm temperatures over a three-year period will produce an out-of-proportion number of females (87-99%). This connection between rapid global temperature changes and skewed gender ratios raises concerns about the possibility of population extinction.
What is being done?
In 1990, Mexico announced a total and permanent ban on the capture and trade of sea turtles and their products. This covered ALL sea turtle species on both the Pacific and Atlantic beaches. The Olive Ridley turtle slaughterhouse was closed in Oaxaca.
A group called "Grupo de Los Cien" and conservationists had disclosed the extent to which turtles had been slaughtered and the blatant illegal trade of turtle products. This caused a massive public outcry. International support led to a barrage of tens of thousands of letters to the president, making him acutely aware of the international attention and concern over the prevention of the extinction of these animals.
A presidential decree was issued that increased on-site protection, provided additional support for research and training programs, and developed alternative sources of income for those dependent on exploiting the species. (14)
Significant efforts are being made to ensure the survival of loggerheads worldwide. They are protected by national laws in the US, and the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service monitor populations regularly.
Fishing gear modifications are reducing bycatch; there are closures of certain fishing areas around the world during mating, nesting, and hatching seasons.
Some communities are developing a light ordinance to reduce the disorientation of hatchlings.
In Greece, night flights were banned in certain areas.
Nesting beaches are being acquired for long-term protection.
Perhaps one of the biggest rays of sunshine is that Coca-Cola, long known to be one of the largest contributors to plastic contamination on the planet, is transitioning to plant-based bottles by 2023 and sharing this technology with the rest of the world (15). There is hope for us yet.
Impact of Ecotourism on Loggerhead Turtles
Sea turtles are a major attraction for ecotourism, drawing people who want to dive and snorkel with them, as well as those who wish to observe the nesting process (under guidance) and participate in the release of hatchlings. As the Loggerhead is the most common turtle, the most widely dispersed, and the most studied, it is a great alternative to the prior exploitation of their products. However, in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean, these turtles and their eggs are still exploited for food.
Tourists can volunteer at the turtle farm (Tortugranja) and, after a brief introductory session, will be certified to assist in egg collection. Without this training, tourists are strongly advised not to individually set up to watch nesting females due to the lack of training and understanding. It is essential to comprehend the needs of a nesting female and how to avoid unintentionally disturbing the process.
If we can balance eco-tourism with the impact of tourist development, we can hopefully find a way to coexist that benefits all.
What You Can Do To Protect Nesting Loggerhead Sea Turtles
-Remove beach litter
Balloons, plastic bags, foam, fishing gear, and other non-degradable litter can cause the deaths of many sea turtles who mistake them for food.
-Observe from a distance
If you encounter a nesting turtle, do not shine any lights on or around her - she may abandon her effort to nest.
Do not use flash photography. Stay behind the turtle so that she cannot see you.
-Do not harass a turtle
Don't touch or prod her to move. Stay out of the way as she crawls back to the water.
-Leave nest sites alone
If you see a nest, don't disturb it. Leave any identification markers in place. If you find a hatchling wandering in daylight, place it on moist sand in a dry container, shade it, and call one of the numbers listed below.
-Report injured turtles
Call to report dead or injured turtles.
-Lights Out! (see above)
If you treat the turtles with respect, you can have a fun, enjoyable encounter.
In Conclusion
When my Australian mother first saw loggerhead turtles laying their eggs on the beaches here in Mexico, she was so overwhelmed by what she saw that she burst into tears. To be part of something so unique, a circle of life unfolding before her, was an incredible experience that she still recounts to this day. We must do everything possible to protect the survival of this species, so that all generations, present and future, can coexist and enjoy it together.
It is thanks to the greats of turtle conservation and studies, such as James R. Spotila, Dr Brian Bowen, Dimitris Margaritoulis, and The Grupo de Los Cien, to name a few, that we are making progress in ensuring their survival; however, the problem is much greater. As a species, we need to clean up our act and our world, and make conscious, educated decisions about how we interact with the world around us.
Tracy Gunn is the founder and owner of Pocna Dive Center on Isla Mujeres, Mexico. A former banker turned adventurer, Tracy left a decade-long corporate career to pursue her passion for diving and island life. With over 35 years of diving experience and 24 years of living on Isla Mujeres, she now serves as a PADI Course Director, training the next generation of divers at her dive school. When she’s not underwater, Tracy shares her love for the island and the ocean through engaging blogs about diving, marine life, and the culture of Isla Mujeres.
Interested in reading more from this author?
Blogs about Isla Mujeres, Mexico, and Recreational Scuba Diving: click here
Blogs about Instructor Development Courses and Professional Scuba Diving: click here
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(2) Bolten, A. B., & Witherington, B. E. (2003). Loggerhead Sea Turtles (1st ed.). Smithsonian Books.
(3) Wikipedia contributors. (2021, February 26). Loggerhead sea turtle. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle
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(6) Sea turtles feeding habits influence reaction to marine debris. (2016). The University of Tokyo. https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/articles/a_00487.html
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(9) To Eat or Not to Eat? Debris Selectivity by Marine Turtles. (2012). PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400646/
(10) Endangered Species. (2018). National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Understanding-Conservation/Endangered-Species
(11) Merry, M. (2010, April 12). More Changes Needed to Protect Loggerheads. Endangered Species Coalition. https://www.endangered.org/more-changes-needed-to-protect-loggerheads/
(12) The race to save sea turtles from deadly herpes tumors. (2017, December 7). Oceana. https://oceana.org/blog/race-save-sea-turtles-deadly-herpes-tumors
(13) Witt, M. J. (2010, March 15). Predicting the impacts of climate change on a globally distributed species: the case of the loggerhead turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology. https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/6/901
(14) MTN 50:1–3 Mexico Proclaims Total Ban on Harvest of Turtles and Eggs. (1990). Marine Turtle Newsletter. http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn50/mtn50p1.shtml#:%7E:text=On%2028%20May%201990%2C%20the,Pacific%20or%20Atlantic%20coast%20beaches.
(15) Why we’re sharing our PlantBottle technology with the world. (2021, March 22). Coca-Cola Europe. https://www.coca-cola.eu/news/supporting-environment/why-were-sharing-our-plantbottle-technology-with-the-world?fbclid=IwAR36PPNX1E55X-MaMw1RfYv13Gv-ImHaKWUUUVgjnqHTRc94fVdpM4RUI3I
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